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精釀啤酒中的一罐法發酵如何操作？

作者：山東天泰人氣：发布日期： 2022-06-30

信息摘要：

所謂“一罐法發酵”就是整個發酵過程在一個錐形罐中進行，不嚴格劃分前、後酵，生産時間較傳統工藝方法有所縮短。接下來我們具體介紹一下操作方法。

精釀啤酒中的一罐法發酵如何操作？

在中国，如今绝大多数的啤酒厂都采用锥形發酵罐进行啤酒的發酵。罐体自身具备冷却装置，可以很容易地控制發酵温度；錐形罐操作方便，节省劳动力，且清洗便利，还能进行酵母回收。许多大型啤酒厂将錐形罐安装在露天，可以节省空间；在精酿啤酒中，我们一般用不到那么大的设备，放在室内即可。
所谓“一罐法發酵”就是整个發酵过程在一个錐形罐中进行，不严格划分前、后酵，生产时间较传统工艺方法有所缩短。接下来我们具体介绍一下操作方法。

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一、常用LAGER發酵工藝操作
      LAGER發酵的酵母接种温度一般是6-10℃，最高發酵温度12℃。从接种到封罐的时间大概是5-7天。当糖度降到3.8-4.2°P时进行封罐。压力上升后保持罐压0.12MPa，温度上升至12℃后保持并计时5-7天，还原双乙酰。
      之后再进行降温，使温度降至5℃，并保持一天，然后再降温到0℃。降温速率在不同阶段有所不同，12℃-5℃阶段，以0.3℃/h速率降温，5℃-0℃阶段，以0.1℃/h速率降温。lager發酵的后熟阶段一般是5-7天。
二、常用ALE發酵工藝操作
      ALE發酵接种温度一般是16-18℃，比LAGER的接种温度更高，它的最高發酵温度可达到20-23℃。从接种到封罐大约是1-1.5天，时间较短。同样是糖度降到3.8-4.2°P时进行封罐，压力上升后保持罐压0.12-0.15MPa，温度上升到20℃后保持并计时5-6天，还原双乙酰。
      ALE發酵的降温环节同样是降到5℃，停留一天，再降温到0℃。20℃-5℃阶段，以0.3℃/h速率降温，5℃-0℃阶段，以0.1℃/h速率降温。低温下贮存5-7天，啤酒就成熟了。

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三、工藝關鍵控制點
1、酵母添加量
      干酵母：艾尔30-50g/100L，拉格20-80g/100L。
2、溫度
      控制不同的發酵温度有各自的优缺点。采用低温發酵时，酵母在發酵过程中生成的副产物较少，啤酒的口味较好，泡沫状况良好，但是發酵时间长；采用高温發酵，酵母的發酵速度较快，發酵时间短，设备利用率高，但是生成的副产物较多，啤酒口味较差。
      拉格一般8-12℃發酵，艾尔16-20℃。另外要注意冬季温度的控制。
3、衛生
      卫生对啤酒质量起着至关重要的作用，在接种酵母或者干投酒花时要注意无菌操作。打开人孔时手要消毒，人孔周围和接种酵母的外包装也要清洗消毒。消毒剂使用75%的酒精，用喷壶喷洒。注意安全，不要在消毒时使用明火。
4、發酵壓力
      拉格啤酒發酵压力一般控制在0.12MPa,艾尔啤酒0.15MPa。發酵压力主要取决于产品最终的口感要求，压力越高、酒液温度越低，二氧化碳溶解越充分，啤酒的杀口力就会更强，泡沫丰富且持久。

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好啦~以上就是精釀啤酒中一罐法發酵工藝相關知識的相關內容啦！歡迎大家和我一起探討精釀啤酒的相關知識哦！

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